Frecuencia de riego en variedades tintas: Repercusión en la producción y la composición de la uva, durante un periodo bienal, en 4 regiones de España

Resumen La restricción hídrica es un aspecto limitante del cultivo del viñedo en muchas regiones, por lo que el riego constituye uno de los principales factores determinantes de su desarrollo en muchas zonas, que ha sido estudiado en diferentes ámbitos, pero la frecuencia de aplicación del riego, que afecta a su distribución en el suelo y puede influir en el comportamiento del viñedo, no ha sido suficientemente evaluada, por lo que su estudio resulta de gran interés en diversas condiciones de cultivo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar los efectos de cuatro frecuencias de riego deficitario del 30% ET0: 7 riegos por semana (T01), 2 riegos por semana (T03), 1 riego por semana (T07) y 1 riego cada dos semanas (T15), en la producción de uva y la composición de la baya. El experimento se desarrolló durante los años 2021 y 2022, en viñedos de Garnacha Tinta (en Badajoz: T03, T07, T15), Tempranillo (en Valladolid: T03, T07, T15), Syrah (en Albacete: T03 y T07) y Mencía (en Lugo: T01, T03, T07). Tanto la producción como la composición de la uva fueron determinadas en vendimia. Las diferentes frecuencias de riego han repercutido en el rendimiento y la calidad de la uva de forma variable según la variedad, la localización y el año. La producción de uva y la madera de poda se vieron ligeramente favorecidos por la frecuencia T07 con respecto a T03 en Garnacha y, sólo en la producción, en Tempranillo, mientras que ocurrió lo contrario en Syrah y Mencía. La concentración de azúcares se vio ligeramente favorecida por la frecuencia T07 en Syrah y, parcialmente, en Tempranillo. El pH del mosto no ofreció una respuesta apreciable derivada de la frecuencia de riego. La acidez total mostró valores ligeramente superiores de T07 en Garnacha y Tempranillo, pero algo más altos de T03 en Syrah y Mencía. El ácido tartárico apenas presentó una ligera tendencia favorable a T07 en Garnacha, mientras que el ácido málico mostró una tendencia ligeramente favorable a T07 en Garnacha y Mencía, pero beneficiosa para T03 en Syrah. El contenido de potasio y de polifenoles totales ofreció una clara variabilidad entre frecuencias de riego en general, aunque el primero mostró un ligero aumento del T03 con respecto al T07 en Mencía y el segundo un ligero aumento del T07 frente al T03 en Syrah. En definitiva, los efectos productivos y cualitativos derivados de la frecuencia de riego aplicada han tenido un alcance reducido, que, sin embargo, puede variar moderadamente en función de la variedad y del año

Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.

BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362

Decálogo de buenas prácticas em el uso de antiparasitários em pequenos rumiantes

Publishe

Ovino de carne y nematodos gastrointestinales: ¿desparasitación de precisión?

El control de los nematodos parásitos gastrointestinales en el ovino de carne se basa en el uso de antihelmínticos que se administran a todos los animales del rebaño en tratamientos preventivos. Estudios recientes demuestran que es posible aplicar tratamientos más precisos en los que el antihelmíntico se administra únicamente a aquellos animales que realmente lo necesitan

Residual detergent detection method for nondestructive cytocompatibility evaluation of decellularized whole lung scaffolds.

The development of reliable tissue engineering methods using decellularized cadaveric or donor lungs could potentially provide a new source of lung tissue. The vast majority of current lung decellularization protocols are detergent based and incompletely removed residual detergents may have a deleterious impact on subsequent scaffold recellularization. Detergent removal and quality control measures that rigorously and reliably confirm removal, ideally utilizing nondestructive methods, are thus critical for generating optimal acellular scaffolds suitable for potential clinical translation. Using a modified and optimized version of a methylene blue-based detergent assay, we developed a straightforward, noninvasive method for easily and reliably detecting two of the most commonly utilized anionic detergents, sodium deoxycholate (SDC) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), in lung decellularization effluents. In parallel studies, we sought to determine the threshold of detergent concentration that was cytotoxic using four different representative human cell types utilized in the study of lung recellularization: human bronchial epithelial cells, human pulmonary vascular endothelial cells (CBF12), human lung fibroblasts, and human mesenchymal stem cells. Notably, different cells have varying thresholds for either SDC or SDS-based detergent-induced cytotoxicity. These studies demonstrate the importance of reliably removing residual detergents and argue that multiple cell lines should be tested in cytocompatibility-based assessments of acellular scaffolds. The detergent detection assay presented here is a useful nondestructive tool for assessing detergent removal in potential decellularization schemes or for use as a potential endpoint in future clinical schemes, generating acellular lungs using anionic detergent-based decellularization protocols

Prevalence and associated factors in anthelmintic resistance in sheep flocks of Aragon

A survey to determine the level of flock resistance to benzimidazoles (BZ) was performed under field conditions in 107 commercial sheep farms from Aragon region (NE Spain). Resistance was measured using the in vitro egg hatch assay (EHA) in the simplified form of discriminant dose. Management and environmental variables were compiled from each flock and their relationships with resistance levels analyzed in a multivariate approach Estimated prevalence of resistant flocks was 11% although presence of BZ resistant parasite strains was suspected in 98% of samples. Frequency of deworming, grazing in private pastures and subdosification were management variables positively related to resistance levels whereas using benzimidazoles only was negatively, probably because they were substituted by other anthelmintic groups in flocks where reduced BZ efficacy was suspected. Different uses of soil in addition to climatic conditions and seasonality were environmental variables associated with observed resistance levels

Resistencia de los nematodos gastrointestinales a los bencimidazoles en el ganado ovino

La resistencia de los parásitos a los antihelmínticos es un tema que está cobrando gran relevancia en los últimos años, debido fundamentalmente a que solo existen en el mercado tres familias de antihelmínticos y a que las resistencias de los parásitos se hacen genéricas a toda la familia. El presente artículo ofrece información sobre la resistencia de los parásitos gastrointestinales a los bencimidazoles en rebaños de la Comunidad Autónoma de Aragón. Los resultados obtenidos indican que el desarrollo de resistencias está teniendo lugar en algunas explotaciones ovinas, si bien la intensidad detectada no parece representar un problema para la economía actual de las mismas. No obstante, la tendencia creciente de este fenómeno y, sobre todo, las perspectivas de una posible extensificación de los sistemas de producción podrían ser, en un futuro, factores que actuasen en detrimento de la rentabilidad ganaderaTie widespread use of anthelmintic drugs is causing the development of resistance of parasites to them and this is especially important due to the reduced number of antihelmintic products that there are in the market. The present report shows the results of a survey developed to determine the level of flock resistance to bencimiidazoles in sheep nematodes in the Aragón region of Spain. The results indicate that resistance is taking place in some sheep flocks, but for the moment, the resistance levels are not a problem in the economy of the farms. Nevedheless, this is a phenomenon that has to be taken into account in the development of healthy programs in order to prevent future disorders in the viability of our sheep farms

Assessment of larval development assay for anthelmintic resistance diagnosis and the detection of involved parasite genera

Funded by project RTA2006-00183-C03-0